内容摘要 针对中国乡村城市化进程中的乡村人类聚居环境规划建设, 提出乡村景观园林的问题, 阐述了乡村景观园林的定义、国内外研究动态及其理论与实践意义, 进而提出了作者关于我国乡村景观园林研究的内容、方法及其预期成果。
Content based on China's rural urbanization in rural human settlement environment planning and construction, bring up the question of rural landscape, this paper expounds the definition of rural landscape, theory and practice of domestic and foreign research dynamic and significance, then proposed the author about the contents, methods of rural landscape research in China and its expected outcomes.
1 引言
1 introduction
乡村有景观吗? 乡村有园林吗? 乡村需要景观园林吗? 在城市化进程快速发展的今天, 在大地景观开始深入人心的现代, 对于中国规划建筑界, 这些问题已经开始引起人们的关注。众所周知, 乡村既是人类聚居环境的基本细胞, 也是中国绝大部分人口的主要聚居地区。乡村园林以乡村景观为背景, 乡村景观在客观方面包括地理位置、地形、水、土、气候、动、植物、人工物等, 在主观方面包括经济发展程度、社会文化、生活习俗, 乡村园林正是在这种综合的景观中孕育、演变、发展、生成, 所以乡村园林与乡村景观密不可分, 故而, 乡村景观园林也就成为本文的论题。根据人类聚居环境学理论(刘滨谊1999) , 作为乡村人类聚居环境的基本背景, 乡村景观园林作为乡村规划的基础背景, 它对整个村落的布局、特色的塑造和生态环境的保育起着决定性的作用, 它的面貌、格局、规划、建设决定着乡村环境的生死存亡。合理而理想的乡村景观园林, 表面看上去朴实无华, 然而在“ 因地制宜”、“就地取材”、“因材致用”、“持续发展” 的基本原则指导下, 其内在却是丰富多彩、形态各异、耐人寻味的, 其中, 不乏有许多优点而令今天的城市人神往。当今中国, 随着城市化进程的不断加快, 乡村景观园林在乡村人类聚居环境规划建设中的作用、地位日渐重要。对于迅速城市化的乡村地带, 乡村景观园林正处于十字路口, 迫切需要予以定位、定性、定向、定型, 而对于当今那些步入病态衰败的城镇, 理想的乡村景观园林无疑将成为“ 治病” “健身” 的一帖灵丹妙药。
Rural landscape? Country garden? Country need a landscape? In the current rapid development of urbanization process, at the beginning of the earth landscape is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people in the modern times, planning and architecture in China, these problems have begun to cause the attention of people. As is known to all, the country is the basic cell of human settlement environment, and the vast majority of people is also China's major populated areas. Country garden is set in rural landscape and rural landscape in objective aspects including geographical position, terrain, water, soil, climate, plants and animals, artificial objects, such as the subjective aspects including the economic development level, social culture and living custom, country garden it was in this kind of comprehensive landscape breeds, evolution, development, generation, so the rural landscape and rural landscape are inseparable, therefore, the rural landscape has become the thesis of this article. According to the theory of human settlement environment LiuBinYi (1999), as a basic background of rural human settlement environment, rural landscape as the foundation of the rural planning background, the layout of it for an entire village, shaping of the characteristics and ecological environment conservation plays a decisive role, its features, landscape, planning, construction decides the survival of rural environment. Reasonable and ideal rural landscape, the surface seems plain, but the "adjust measures to local conditions", "use local materials", "due to the material tool", "sustainable development" under the guidance of the basic principles, its are immanent is rich and colorful, forms, intriguing, among them, there are many advantages for today's city people longing. In today's China, with the accelerating of urbanization process, rural landscape planning and construction of human settlement environment in the country the role, status is important. For rapid urbanization of rural areas, rural landscape is at a crossroads, the urgent need for positioning, qualitative, directional, finalize the design, and for those in morbid decaying towns today, ideal rural landscape will no doubt become a "cure" panacea "fitness" of a post.
在学术界, 德国、荷兰、奥地利、美国、日本、韩国等工业先进国家早已关注乡村景观园林这一领域, 而我国在这一领域的理论研究与规划实践几乎还是一片空白。
In academia, in Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, the United States, Japan, South Korea and other advanced industrial countries have already focused on rural landscape in this area, and our country in this field of theoretical research and planning practice is almost a blank.
2 乡村景观园林的含义
2 the meaning of rural landscape
“乡村景观园林” (Rural Landscape and Garden) 是一个新兴的研究领域, 对其研究的范围和研究的对象, 目前还尚无完整而确切的定义。单单从字面上看, 它由“ 乡村” 和“景观园林” 两个概念组成。这里用“ 乡村” 而没用“农村” 一词, 主要因为农村是与农业产业联系在一起的, 是以农业生产为主体的地域, 如今在农村, 作为农业生产主体的农民, 有一部分并不一定从事农业生产而是从事非农事活动, 因此, 用“农村” 来界定范围具有一定的难度域概念, 泛指城市和原始无人聚居地带以外的一切地域, 特指城市(包括市和镇) 建成区以外的地区, 是一个空间的地域系统。“ 景观园林” 的定义可以分解为“ 景观” 和“园林” 两个方面。对于“景观”, 从景观规划设计学科角度, 笔者曾有阐述: 扼要地讲, 景观包含着地球表面自然的、人工的人类聚居环境, 并且与社会、文化、习俗、人类精神、审美密不可分(刘滨谊1990 , 1996 , 1999) 。对于“园林”, 张家骥先生在《中国造园论》一书中汇总了许多专家学者对“ 园林” 的理解和定义(张家骥1991) , 并在此基础上对“园林” 下了定义: “ 园林是以自然山水为主题思想, 以花木、水石、建筑等为物质为表现手段, 在有限的空间里, 创造出视觉无尽的, 具有高度自然精神境界的环境。” 因此, 广义的乡村景观园林是非城市化地区人类聚居环境, 其以大自然真山、真水等自然材料而形成的具有审美价值、高度自然精神境界的环境。
"Rural Landscape" (Rural Landscape and Garden) is an emerging area of research, its research scope and research objects, there is no complete and precise definition. Just literally, it consists of "country" and "landscape" of two concepts. Here use "country" but not the word "rural", mainly because of the rural is linked with the agricultural industry, based on regional agricultural production as the main body, is now in the rural areas and farmers as the main body of agricultural production, some does not have to engage in agricultural production, but engaged in non-agricultural activities, therefore, with the "rural" to define the scope of certain difficulties to the domain concept, referring to the city and the original no inhabit a region outside the zone, especially cities (including cities and towns) outside built up area is a geographical space system. The definition of "landscape" can be decomposed into two aspects of "landscape" and "garden". For the "landscape", from the perspective of landscape planning and design disciplines, the author has expounded: briefly speaking, the landscape contains the earth's surface, natural, artificial, human settlement environment and the social, cultural, customs, human spirit and aesthetic inseparable (LiuBinYi 1990, 1996, 1990). For the "garden", Mr 张家骥 book Chinese gardening theory summarizes many experts and scholars in the understanding and definition of "landscape" (张家骥 1991), based on the defined under the "garden", "garden by natural scenery as the theme, with flowers and trees, water, stone, building as the material for performance means, in limited space, create a vision of endless, highly natural mental state of the environment." Therefore, generalized rural landscape is urbanization areas of human settlement environment, its true mountain, water and other natural materials in nature and form of aesthetic value, high natural mental state of the environment.
需要说明的是乡村景观园林的界定是相对于城市化而言的, 过去许多传统的乡村景观园林目前已成为城市园林, 它们不在笔者所研究的范围内。
To note is the definition of rural landscape is relative to the urbanization, in the past, many traditional rural landscape has become urban gardens, they are beyond the scope of the author research.
3 乡村景观园林的研究目标
The aim of three rural landscape
乡村景观园林存在着一个从传统到现代的演变, 传统乡村景观园林伴随着农耕文明而出现, 随着工业文明及当今后工业文明的进化, 乡村景观园林同样也在走向现代。其演变的根本动力是乡村人们生活的演变, 乡村景观园林始终与广大乡村居民的日常生活环境紧密地结合在一起, 然而, 它的地位和作用长期以来一直未引起学术界和规划设计界的关注重视。
Rural landscape there is a evolution from tradition to modern, the traditional rural landscape with the farming civilization and appear, with the industrial civilization and the evolution of the industrial civilization after today, also in to the modern rural landscape gardens. Its primary force shaping the evolution is the evolution of the rural people's life, rural landscape and the rural residents daily life environment closely together, however, its status and role has long did not cause the attention of academia and planning design.
从历史的演变着眼, 就乡村景观园林与中国古典园林的关系而论, 乡村园林在中国古典园林中的地位也不容低估。长期以来人们普遍以为中国传统园林起源于古代帝王的苑囿, 这是极为片面的。根据不断的考古发掘和对古代诗歌的深入研究, 人们发现, 其实全世界最早的园林应该是原始聚落中及周边的园圃和树木绿化等实用性的园林化的土地, 它也是中国园林最早的雏形, 并对后来发展起来的恬淡素静的文人村居园林产生了不小的影响, 就是明清之际的文人园, 也不断从乡村园林中得到启发, 从中汲取营养(刘天华1994) 。因此, 可以毫不夸张地说, 乡村园林在中国园林发展历程中, 起着基础和源泉的作用, 尤其是乡村园林为江南文人园积累了经验、提供了素材、丰富发展了中国古代园林文化, 这是确定无疑的。
From the evolution of history, the relationship between rural landscape and Chinese classical garden, the status of rural landscape in Chinese classical gardens also cannot be underestimated. For a long time it is generally thought of Chinese traditional gardens originated in the ancient Kings pestered him, this is very one-sided. According to archaeological excavations and in-depth study of ancient poetry, it has been found that in fact the world's earliest garden should be original settlements and the surrounding garden trees and greening, etc in the practicality of garden land, it is also one of the earliest Chinese garden, and the later developed is calm, quiet village of literati garden has a lot of influence, is the Ming and qing dynasty literati garden, and was inspired from the rural landscape, to learn nutrition (LiuTianHua 1994). Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say, rural landscape in botanical garden development in China, plays a foundation and the source of action, especially rural gardens of jiangnan literati garden has accumulated rich experience, provided material, developed ancient Chinese garden culture, that's for sure.
从现代人类聚居环境建设入手, 目前我国正处于城市化快速增长的进程中, 村镇建设正以前所未有的速度进行着。截止1998 年底, 全国有建制镇17015 个(不含县城关镇), 集镇29118 个, 村庄3557700 个, 随着撤乡建镇和拆村并点工作的进一步发展, 建制镇比上一年增加480 个, 集镇减少1206 个, 村庄减少101635 个(1998 年村镇建设统计公报) 。这种乡村城市化不是意味着把乡村变为城市, 而是在于节约用地和提高乡村居民的素质和生活质量。因此, 随着乡村城市化的不断进行, 乡村居民的居住方式、居住文化必然发生相应的变化, 许多传统的聚居村落也将随之消失。乡村城市化使乡村景观园林正在经历着一场历史性的变革: 一方面, 一些有研究价值的传统乡村景观园林已经或将要遭到扼杀的命运; 另一方面, 乡村城市化已经或将要产生出新型的乡村景观园林。新一代的乡村景观园林应以什么样的面貌出现在人们的面前, 如何继承和发扬传统的乡土文化, 创造出具有乡村特色而非城市发展模式拷贝的现代乡村景观园林, 以改变当今新建村落的平庸无味、千村一色的状况, 这是乡村景观园林研究的基本目标。
, from the perspective of the modern human settlement environment construction, at present our country is in a rapid growth in the process of urbanization, village and town construction is at an unprecedented rate. By the end of 1998, the national has a town 1998 (excluding the county town), 29118 towns, 3557700 villages, as withdraw township building town and village and work points to the further development of the town increased 480 than the previous year, market town cut 1206, 101635 villages to reduce (rural construction statistical bulletin 1998). The rural urbanization is not means that the countryside into cities, but lies in the economical use of land and improve the quality of rural residents and the quality of life. Therefore, as the country's ongoing urbanization, rural residents' living ways, living culture will have corresponding change, many traditional settlement villages will also disappear. Rural urbanization makes the countryside landscape is experiencing a historic change: on the one hand, some research value of the traditional rural landscape has been or will be killed fate; Rural urbanization has been or will be, on the other hand, to produce new type of rural landscape. Is a new generation of rural landscape should with what kind of appearance appear in front of people, how to inherit and carry forward the traditional local culture, create copies with rural characteristics rather than the urban development model of modern rural landscape garden, to change the new village of mediocre tasteless, qian village of color, this is the basic goal of rural landscape research.
4 乡村景观园林研究的动态
4 the dynamic of rural landscape research
国外许多工业先进国家在这一领域一直处于领先地位, 如德国、荷兰、奥地利以及美国和日本在乡村景观(Rural Landscape) 、乡村地区的规划与建设方面都有非常成熟的经验。但由于现有的资料和技术手段有限, 对当前国外在乡村景观园林领域的研究成果没有更详尽的资料, 但仅此还是可以看出, 国外非常注重对乡村景观的系统研究。
Abroad many advanced industrial countries in this area has been in a leading position, such as Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, and the United States and Japan in the Rural Landscape, Rural Landscape), Rural planning and construction has very mature experience. But due to the existing data and technology co., LTD., the current foreign research achievements in the field of rural landscape there is no more detailed information, but that's still as you can see, abroad is very pay attention to the system research to the rural landscape.
在国内, 有关乡村景观园林的产生和发展, 尤其是对城市化进程中的乡村景观园林的研究几乎都是一片空白。长期以来, 人们更多地是关注中国传统园林的研究。尽管如此, 仍然存在与之相关的研究, 大致可以分为五个方面:
In China, the emergence and development of the rural landscape, especially the study of urbanization in the rural landscape are almost blank. For a long time, people is more focus on the study of Chinese traditional garden. However, there are still related to research, which can be roughly divided into five aspects:
4.1 传统地方性乡村景观园林研究
4.1 the traditional local rural landscape research
结合农村园林的实例对江河流域的农村园林的产生原因及其特色分别进行了阐述(舒楠1997 , 陈志华1999) 。此外还有对徽州古典园林有较为详细的研究( 程极悦1987 , 肖国清1988 , 殷永达1993 , 张浪1996) , 这些文章对乡村园林的研究提供了一定的理论依据和实例。
With the example of rural landscape causes of the rural landscape of river basin and its characteristics were expounded (Chen Zhihua ShuNan 1997, 1997). In addition to classical gardens have a detailed study of huizhou (1987 YanYong XiaoGuoQing Cheng Jiyue 1987, 1987, a wave of 1996), the articles on the rural landscape research provides certain theory basis and examples.
4.2 传统乡土建筑与乡村景观园林研究
4.2 the traditional vernacular architecture and rural landscape research
以彭一刚院士的《传统村镇聚落景观分析》一书(彭一刚1994) 为代表, 该书的视点不只停留在乡土建筑上, 而是切入到传统村落的研究, 对村镇的景观进行了分类和分析, 其中包含了构成乡村景观园林的一些要素。此外, 陈志华教授等人编写的《浙江省新叶村乡土建筑》和北京清华大学建筑学院主持的《诸葛村乡土建筑》两套乡土建筑丛书的有关章节也阐述了乡土文化和乡村景观的关系(陈志华1998) 。
With Peng Yigang academician analysis of traditional rural settlement landscape ", "(1994) Peng Yigang, represented by the point of view not only stay on vernacular architecture, but rather into villages, traditional landscape has carried on the classification and analysis of the villages and towns, which contains some elements of constitute the rural landscape. In addition, professor Chen Zhihua and others written "zhejiang new leaves village vernacular architecture" hosted by school of architecture, tsinghua university and Beijing "zhuge village vernacular architecture" two sets of vernacular architecture series of chapters also expounds the relationship between local culture and rural landscape (Chen Zhihua 1998).
4.3 历史文化传统与乡村景观园林研究
4.3 the historical and cultural tradition and rural landscape research
以《风水—中国人的环境观》、《古村落: 和谐的人聚空间》两本书为例(刘沛林1995 , 1997) , 作者从风水的角度阐述了风水思想与风景、园林、建筑及城市设计的关系, 在风水对园林规划的启示”一节中, 着重论述了乡村园林的一种类型—水口园林。在中国古村落的景观建构中, 分别就村落“八景、“十景、水口园林、村落点景建筑等进行了阐述。
With the environmental concept of feng shui, the Chinese, the ancient village: harmonious people gather space "two books, for example (LiuPeiLin 1995, 1997), the author expounds from the perspective of feng shui feng shui thought and landscape, garden, the relationship between architecture and urban design, the feng shui planning implications of garden" section, emphatically discusses the country garden one type of shuikou garden. In the landscape construction of ancient villages in China, villages "eight scene and" ten views, shuikou landscape, village points JingJianZhu etc are expounded.
从上述的研究成果来看, 虽然有一些与乡村景观园林有关的研究成果, 但不成系统、很不完善。乡村景观园林尚未作为一个独立而完整的课题来研究, 目前尚处于起步阶段, 需要进行大量的基础调查、分析论证。
From the above research results, although there are some research results related to the rural landscape, but don't become system, is not perfect. Rural landscape has not been as an independent and complete subject to study, is still in its infancy, need a large number of investigation and the basis of the analysis.
4.4 空间格局演变与乡村景观园林研究
4.4 spatial pattern evolution and rural landscape research
从人类聚居环境学的角度, 选取从古至今的村落实例, 分析乡村景观的构成元素, 对空间化、时间化等可以量化的元素予以量化, 分析其演变发展(刘滨谊, 毛巧丽1998) 。
Selection from the view of human settlement environment, The Times of the village as an example, analyse the composition of rural landscape elements, on the quantifiable element such as space, time is quantified and analyzed its development evolution (LiuBinYi, Mao Qiaoli 1998).
4.5 现代人类聚居环境与乡村景观园林研究
4.5 modern human settlement environment and rural landscape research
以《现代景观规划设计》一书为例( 刘滨谊1999) , 以生态意识、大地景观等现代思想为世界观, 以“设计结合自然、现代宏观区域景观规划等理论方法为导向, 书中重点分析阐述了欧、美等国现代乡村景观园林的研究与实践。
Book modern landscape planning and design, for example (LiuBinYi 1999), such as ecological consciousness, the landscape of modern thought as world view, in order to "design with nature, modern macro regional landscape planning theory as the guide, focus on analysis in the book elaborates the Europe, America and other countries of modern rural landscape research and practice.
5 乡村景观园林研究的内容
The content of the rural landscape research
虽然乡村景观园林只是乡村的一个组成部分, 但是它却涉及到社会、经济、文化的各方面。乡村景观园林所要研究的内容非常丰富, 包括历史、地理、建筑、民俗、社会结构、景观、环境、艺术等等。综合上述分析, 笔者提出了下列乡村景观园林的主要研究内容:
Although rural landscape is a part of the country, but it involves all aspects of society, economy and culture. Rural area, to study the content of the landscape is very abundant, including history, geography, architecture, folk customs, social structure, landscape, environment, art and so on. Comprehensive the above analysis, the author puts forward the main researching contents of rural landscape of the following:
5.1 乡村景观园林的产生、发展和演变过程。
5.1 rural landscape of the formation, development and evolution process.
5.2 乡村园林在中国传统园林中的地位和作用。
5.2 the position and role of the rural landscape in traditional Chinese landscape.
5.3 乡村城市化和现代化对乡村景观园林所造成的影响冲击。
5.3 rural urbanization and modernization of rural landscape the effects of the shocks.
5.4 乡村景观园林与社会形态的内在关系。
5.4 the social forms of rural landscape and internal relations.
5.5 乡村景观园林与乡村经济的内在关系。
5.5 the intrinsic relationships between rural landscape and rural economy.
5.6 乡村景观园林与乡土文化的内在关系。
5.6 the intrinsic relationships between rural landscape and rural culture.
5.7 乡村景观园林的基本类型。
5.7 the basic types of rural landscape.
5.8 乡村景观园林的空间格局特点。
5.8 spatial pattern characteristics of rural landscape.
5.9 乡村景观园林的艺术处理。
5.9 rural landscape gardening art processing.
5.10 乡村景观园林的未来发展模式。乡村景观园林研究的重点不在于保护传统的乡村园林, 而在于寻求乡村景观园林规划建设的规律和特点, 尝试地探索未来乡村景观园林的发展模式, 以便能切实有效地指导今后乡村规划中的乡村景观园林规划设计, 创造出超越城市的自然而和谐的乡村人类聚居环境。
5.10 the future development of rural landscape model. Rural landscape research is not the focus of the protection of the traditional rural landscape, but lies in seeking the rule and character of rural landscape planning and construction, attempts to explore the developing mode of future rural landscape, so as to effectively guide future rural planning of rural landscape planning and design, to create beyond the city's natural and harmonious rural human settlement environment.
6 乡村景观园林研究的方法
Methods six rural landscape research
国内有关中国造园理论的论着很多, 在此基础上采用文献资料与实证相结合的研究方法。对于传统的乡村景观园林, 文献资料是了解乡村景观园林形态构成的一个重要途径, 它包括地方史书、地方志、家谱等, 这些文献资料对村落的选址、布局、发展等都有详细的记载。目前乡村景观园林需要大量的基础性研究, 这就必须建立在大量实证的基础上, 然后从社会、经济、文化等不同层面来进行分析、比较, 找出规律。由于传统乡村景观园林大多遵循自然法则, 随着村落的布局而形成, 很少受到来自外界人为规范的约束。因此, 选择典型的、有代表性的乡村景观园林进行实地调查和测绘, 并结合对当地居民的问卷调查, 了解他们在居住方式和价值观上的变化, 以及他们对居住环境的要求。对于城市化进程中出现的乡村景观园林, 受到来自村镇规划标准和农村土地使用政策的影响, 因此, 还需要认真领会政策、法规的精神。通过对乡村景观园林进行系统的调查研究, 通过实证对传统的乡村景观园林和现代城市化进程中出现的乡村景观园林进行分析、比较, 研究乡村景观园林的内容和形式的演变; 总结归纳乡村景观园林的基本类型; 分析乡村景观园林的构园特色; 找出乡村景观园林成园艺术的规律和特点。乡村景观园林研究不是单一学科所能解决的, 它在景观建筑学、生态学、地理学、城市规划、建筑学的基础上进行多学科、多角度交叉综合研究。乡村景观园林的研究方法目前还处于探索阶段, 还有待于进一步补充和完善。
Relevant domestic a lot of Chinese gardening theory theory, on this basis, using literature and empirical research method of combining. For traditional rural landscape, literature review is to understand rural landscape form constitute an important way, it includes local history, local gazetteers, tree, etc., these documents on the village's location, layout, development, etc. There are well documented. At rural landscape garden needs a lot of basic research, it must be established on the basis of a large number of empirical, and from different aspects such as society, economy, culture analysis, comparison, find out regularity. Because of the traditional rural landscape mostly follow the natural law, formed with the layout of the village, few from the outside world for specification of constraints. So, choose the typical and representative of field survey and mapping rural landscape, combined with the questionnaire survey of local residents, to understand their way of living and values change, and their demand for residential environment. To appear in the process of urbanization of rural landscape, from towns and villages planning standards and the impact of rural land use policy, therefore, also need to carefully grasp the spirit of policies, laws and regulations. Through investigation and study on rural landscape system, through the demonstration of traditional rural landscape garden and modern landscape garden appeared in the process of urbanization of villages is analysis and comparison, the research contents of rural landscape and the evolution of the form; Sums up the basic types of rural landscape; Analysis the designing features of rural landscape; Find the regularity and characteristics of rural landscape garden in garden art. Rural landscape is not a single research discipline can solve, it in landscape architecture, ecology, geography, urban planning, architecture based on multi-disciplinary and multi-angle comprehensive study. Rural landscape research methods at present is still in the exploratory stage, has yet to be further complement and perfect.
7 乡村景观园林研究的意义
The significance of 7 rural landscape
乡村景观园林有别于城市景观园林, 城市景观园林是通过人工再现自然, 而乡村景观园林则是运用自然, 更为朴素地保留着更多的自然真迹, 从艺术追求而论, 如果说, 城市景观园林是“虽由人作, 宛自天开”, 那么, 乡村景观园林则是虽由天作, 宛自人开”, 各自的艺术倾向不同, 并无艺术的高下之分。但是, 倘若从自然美的角度来看, 乡村景观园林远比城市园林自然优美。“师法自然”只有从乡村景观园林中才能获取第一手的灵感源泉, 而目前国内的景观园林规划设计界在这一领域几乎还处于一片空白, 因此, 对于乡村园林的研究更具有特殊的意义。
Rural landscape is different from the urban landscape, urban landscape through the natural human reproduction, and the rural landscape is natural, is more plain retains the original drawing more natural, the pursuit of art is concerned, if urban landscape is "by people, wan since opening day", so, rural landscape is by day, wan since opening people ", the artistic tendency of different, there is no art. However, if from the point of view of natural beauty, the country beautiful nature landscape garden than city garden." Natural imitation "only from the rural landscape can obtain first-hand source of inspiration, and the current domestic landscape planning and design in this area is still in the blank almost, therefore, is of special significance on the study of rural landscape.
7.1 建立乡村景观园林的观念意识
7.1 establish a rural landscape concept
乡村园林虽然早就出现, 但是由于人们理解和认识上的偏差, 对乡村园林没有产生足够的重视, 以致于长期以来没有人对它进行系统的研究。因此, 通过建立乡村园林的概念, 使人们对乡村园林有一个较为全面的认识, 从而激发更多的人从事乡村园林的理论和实践的研究, 以填补国内在乡村研究领域的空白。
Country garden appear early, but because people are understanding and cognitive deviation, to country garden didn't have enough attention, so that no one for a long time systematic research about it. Therefore, through the establishment of the concept of rural landscape, make people to the rural landscape has a more comprehensive understanding, so as to inspire more people to engage in theory and practice research of rural landscape, to fill the domestic blank in the field of research in the country.
7.2 发掘保护传统乡村景观园林环境
7.2 discover protect traditional rural landscape environment
中国现存的皇家园林和私家园林大多为明清时遗留下来的, 而乡村园林由于长期以来受外界干扰少, 因此, 有的乡村园林还保留着宋元时期的风格, 这对中国传统园林是一个很好的补充。713 创造现代中国乡村景观园林通过对乡村园林的研究, 探讨乡村居民对园林的需求, 以及乡村园林对大地景观环境和改善生态的重大作用。乡村园林不仅具有朴素的自然美, 而且它和人们的平凡生活保持着最为直接和紧密的联系, 因此,通过对乡村园林的研究, 根据乡村的功能要求、景观要求和经济条件, 创造出优美的乡村园林艺术形象, 这对于我国未来乡村规划建设具有极为重要的现实意义和深远的历史意义。
China existing royal garden and private garden are left over when the Ming and qing dynasties, while rural garden since there is little interference by the outside world for a long time, as a result, some country garden still retains the style of song and yuan period, the Chinese traditional garden is a good supplement. 713 creation of the modern Chinese rural landscape through the study of rural landscape, rural residents' demand for landscape architecture, as well as the rural landscape environment of the earth and improve ecology. Rural landscape is not only a simple natural beauty, and it and people's ordinary life remained the most directly and closely linked, therefore, through the study of rural landscape, according to the requirements of the rural functional requirement, landscape and economic condition, create beautiful country garden art image, for the rural planning and construction in our country in the future has very important practical significance and far-reaching historical significance.