dz̸½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆÓëPKPMÈí¼þÓ¦ÓÃ

¹Ø¼ü´Ê£º½¨Öþ½á¹¹£»PKPM£»¸ÅÄîÉè¼Æ£»¿¹ÕðÉè¼Æ

»æͼÈí¼þÓëƽÃæ¿òÅżܼÆËãʱ½¨Öþ½á¹¹¹¤³ÌʦÔÚÉè¼ÆʱӦÓÃ×î¶àµÄ³ÌÐòÈí¼þ¡£Ëü²»½öÄܹ»¶ÀÁ¢µÄ»æͼºÍ¼ÆË㣬ͬʱҲ¿ÉÒÔ×÷ΪPKPMϵÁеĽӿÚÈí¼þ£¬½øÐи߲ã·ÖÎö¡£»ù´¡Éè¼ÆÈí¼þJCCAD¡¢¸ß²ã¿Õ¼ä·ÖÎöÈí¼þTAT¡¢»æͼÈí¼þÒÔ¼°¿òÅżܼÆËãPK¡¢Æ½Ãæ½á¹¹¸¨ÖúÉè¼ÆÈí¼þPMCADµÈÓлú×éºÏ£¬¿ÉÒÔ¹¹½¨³ÉÒ»¸ö¸ãЦµÄ¼ÆËã¡¢»æͼºÍ½á¹¹·ÖÎöϵͳ¡£

PKPMÈí¼þÔÚʹÓÃÉè¼ÆÖг£³öÏÖµÄÎÊÌâ

1.1½á¹¹¼ÆËã²ÎÊýÑ¡È¡²»µ±

(1)ÏÖ½½¸Ö½î»ìÄýÍÁ½¨ÖþÎïµÄ¿¹ÕðµÈ¼¶¡£ÓÉÓÚ½¨Öþ¹¤³ÌÉè¼ÆʦÍùÍù¶Ô±¾µØÇø¹ØÓÚ·¿ÎÝ¿¹ÕðÉè·ÀÁҶȱȽÏÊìϤ£¬µ«ÊÇÈÝÒ׺öÂÔ¶Ô¿¹ÕðµÈ¼¶µÄÑ¡È¡¡£ÒÔ¼×ÀཨÖþΪÀý£¬µØÕð×÷ÓÃÓ¦±È±¾µØÇø¿¹ÕðÉè·ÀÁÒ¶ÈÒª¸ß£¬Æä²ÎÊýµÄÈ·¶¨Ó¦¸ù¾ÝµØÕð°²È«ÐÔÆÀ¼Û½á¹û¡£µ±¿¹ÕðÉè·ÀÁÒ¶ÈÔÚ6¶Èµ½8¶ÈµÄ·¶Î§ÄÚʱ£¬ÆäÊý¾ÝÖµÓ¦±È±¾µØÇø¿¹ÕðÉè·ÀÁҶȵĸßÒ»¶È£¬µ±¿¹ÕðÉè·ÀÁÒ¶ÈΪ9¶Èʱ£¬ÆäµÈ¼¶µÈ¼¶Ó¦±È9¶È¿¹ÕðÉè·ÀÁҶȸü¸ß¡£´ËÍ⣬Óë¿ò¼ÜÖùÖáѹÁ¦¼ÆËã½á¹ûÓÐ×ÅÖ±½ÓÓ°ÏìµÄÊǵػù»ù´¡µÈ¼¶µÄÑ¡Ôñ¡£Òò´Ë£¬¶ÔÓڵػù»ù´¡½¨ÉèµÄ¿¹Õð´ëÊ©£¬±ØÐë·ûºÏ»ù´¡¿¹ÕðµÄÏà¹Ø¹æ¶¨¡£

(2)Öù¡¢Áº±£»¤²ãºñ¶È¡£¸Ö½îºÏÀíµãÓë¹¹¼þ±ßÔµµÄ¾àÀëÊDZ£»¤²ãºñ¶È¡£ÔÚPKPM³ÌÐòÖУ¬ÆäÖÐÁºµÄ±£»¤²ã¡¢ÄÚ¶¨ÖùµÄºñ¶È·Ö±ðΪ25ºÁÃס¢30ºÁÃ×£¬¶ø²¢Ã»Óн«ÅäÖõÄË«ÅŽîµÈµÄ±ä»¯ÒòËØ¿¼ÂÇÔÚÄÚ¡£

1.2Ä£Ðͼò»¯²»ºÏÀí

(1)µ×²ã¸ßÈ¡Öµ²»µ±¡£¹¤³ÌÉè¼ÆʦÔÚ½øÐÐ×é×°¸÷±ê×¼²ãʱ£¬ÍùÍù¶Ôµ×²ã²ã¸ßȡֵΪʿ0£®00µ½ÊײãÂ¥¸Ç¶¥Ã棬²ÉÓÃÕâÖÖ·½Ê½ÊDz»×¼È·µÄ£¬¶Ôµ×²ãÖùµÄ²ã¸ß¼ÆËãӦΪÊײã¸ÇÂ¥¶¥ÃæÓë»ù´¡¶¥ÃæµÄ¾àÀë¡£

(2)µ×²ã¿ò¼Ü¼ÆËãÄ£ÐͲ»ºÏÀí¡£³ýÁ˲ãÊýºÍ¸ß¶ÈʱÒýÆðµ×²ã¿ò¼Üש·¿³öÏÖ³¬¹æ·¶µÄÒòËØÍ⣬µ×²ã¿ò¼Ü±¾ÉíµÄÉè¼ÆÒ²ÊÇÒýÆðÉè¼Æ³¬¹æ·¶µÄÖ÷ÒªÒòËØÖ®Ò»¡£ËùνµÄµ×²ã¿ò¼Ü£¬ÊÇÖ¸µ×²ã½á¹¹Îª¿ò¼Ü¡ª¿¹Õðǽ³ÐÖØ£¬¿¹ÕðǽÊÊÒ˲ÉÓøֽî»ìÄýÍÁ½á¹¹£¬µ±¿¹ÕðÁÒ¶ÈÔÚÁù¶ÈÓëÆ߶ÈÖ®¼äʱ£¬²ÉÓÃÆÕͨµÄשǽ±ã¿É¡£µ«ÊÇÓÐЩ½¨Öþ¹¤³ÌËäÈ»²ÉÓÃÁËÆÕͨµÄ¿¹Õðǽ£¬µ«ÊǽØÃæÃæ»ýÃ÷ÏÔûÓÐÂú×ã¡°¿¹¹æ¡±ÒªÇ󣬵ײã¿ò¼ÜµÄ¿¹ÕðÄÜÁ¦Êܵ½Ó°Ïì¡£

(3)¼ÆËãÄ£ÐÍÓëÊ©¹¤Í¼Ö½²»·û¡£ÃÅ´°¶´¿ÚλÖᢼôÁ¦Ç½¿ª¶¯´óС¡¢¿ò¼ÜÖù¼ÆËã¸ß¶È¡¢¼ôÁ¦Ç½ºñ¶È¼°³¤¶ÈµÈÓëÊ©¹¤Í¼Ö½²»Ïà·ûÊÇÁ½Õß²»·ûµÄÖ÷Òª±íÏÖ¡£ÆäÔ­Òò´ó¶àÊý¶¼ÊÇÓÉÓÚ¹ýÔçµÄ½øÐнṹרҵ½¨Ä£¹¤×÷£¬µ±½¨Öþ·½°¸µ÷ÕûºóûÓÐÓë½á¹¹×¨ÒµÈËÔ±¼°Ê±¹µÍ¨£¬Ôì³É¸÷רҵ֮¼ä³öÏÖÍѽÚÏÖÏó£¬ÔÚ½øÐÐУÉó¼ä¶ÏÖ÷Òª½«×¢ÒâÁ¦¼¯ÖÐ×Ó°¡Éè¼ÆµÄͼÃæÉÏ¡£´ËÀà´íÎó¿ÉÄÜʹijЩ¹¹¼þ³öÏÖʧÕæ×´¿ö£¬ÉõÖÁÒýÆðÅä½î²»×ãµÈÏÖÏóµÄ²úÉú¡£

´ËÍ⣬Öù½î¹ýÃÜ¡¢Ã»ÓÐÃ÷ȷ˵Ã÷¶ÌÖùλÖã¬ÁºÅä½î²»·ûºÏ¹æ¶¨ÒªÇóµÈ¹¹Ôì·½ÃæÒ²ÊÇʹÓÃPKPM³£³öÏÖµÄÎÊÌâ¡£

ʹÓÃPKPMÈí¼þÔÚÉè¼ÆÖÐӦעÒâµÄÎÊÌâ

2.1½á¹¹Æ½Ã渨ÖúÉè¼ÆÈí¼þPMCADµÄÓ¦ÓÃ

PKPMϵÁÐÈí¼þµÄºËÐÄÄ£¿éÊÇPMCAD£¬Æä²»½öÊǽṹÓ뽨ÖþÁ¬½ÓµÄ½Ó¿ÚÈí¼þ£¬Í¬Ê±Ò²ÊǽṹƽÃæÉè¼ÆµÄÖ÷ÒªÈí¼þ¡£ÔÚPMCADÄ£¿éÖУ¬½¨Á¢ÆðÀ´µÄ½á¹¹Ä£ÐÍӦ׼ȷ¡¢¿ÉÒԶԽṹµÄʵ¼Ê×´¿ö׼ȷ·´Ó¦¡£

(1)½»»¥Ê½½á¹¹Ä£Ð͵Ľ¨Á¢¡£½»»¥Ê½½á¹¹Ä£ÐÍÊÇËùÓнṹģÐÍÖеĹ¹¼þÊäÈëµÄÖ÷Òª³ÌÐò¡£ÆäÖÐÊäÈëµÄ²ÎÊý¡¢ºÉÔØ¡¢½ØÃæ³ß´çµÈÊý¾ÝÌرðÊǶÔ×ÜÐÅÏ¢¿ØÖƵÄԭʼÊý¾Ý±ØÐë±£Ö¤ÆäµÄÕýÈ·ºÏÀíÐÔ£¬²»½öÒªÂú×ãÏà¹Ø¹æ¶¨Ö¸±êºÍ·¶Î§£¬Í¬Ê±Ò²ÒªÂú×ã½á¹¹Á¦Ñ§Ä£Ð͵ÄÏà¹ØÒªÇó¡£Ôڴ˹ý³ÌÖÐÓ¦µ±×¢Ò⣬Èç¹û³öÏÖ¹¹¼þ³ß´ç¡¢ºÉÔØÒÔ¼°½á¹¹²¼ÖÃÐÎʽ²»Í¬µÄ½á¹¹²ã£¬Ó¦½øÐв»Í¬µÄ½á¹¹±ê×¼²ãÃèÊö£¬²ÉÓù¹¼þÏà¶ÔÓÚ½ÚµãµÄ·½Ê½Æ«ÐÄÃèÊöÉÏϲãÖù±äµÄ½ØÃæÇé¿ö¡£È«Â¥ÔÚ×éװʱ£¬±ØÐë°´ÕÕ°´ÕÕ¹æÂÉ˳Ðò£¬×Ô϶øÉϵıê×¼²ã½øÐÐ×é×°¡£ÔÚ½øÐÐÌî³äǽÊäÈëʱ£¬ÊäÈëµÄÊý¾ÝÊǺÉÔرê×¼Öµ£¬¶ø²»ÊÇÉè¼ÆÖµ¡£

(2)PKÎļþµÄÉú³É¡£¶ÔÓÚש»ì½á¹¹£¬ÆäÉú³ÉµÄǽÁºPKÎļþÊÇ°´ÕÕÁ¬ÁºÉú³ÉÐÎʽ½øÐеġ£ÔÚûÓжÔש»ì¿¹Õð½øÐÐÑÝËãʱ£¬ÁºÉÏûÓÐÉϲãÂ¥°åºÍÉϲ¿Ç½Ìå´«À´µÄºÉÔØ¡£¶øÔڵ׿òש·¿µÄµ×²ã¿ò¼ÜÁºÖз֣¬ÆäÉú³ÉPKÎļþµÄÐÎʽ²»ÄܲÉÓÃÁ¬ÁºÉú³ÉµÄ·½Ê½£¬Òª²»È»¾Í»á³öÏÖºÉÔØ©ÏîµÈ×´¿ö£¬µ¼ÖÂPKÎļþËù»­µÄ½Úµç¹¹ÔìºÍÁºÊ©¹¤Í¼²»·ûºÏ½¨Öþ¿¹ÕðÉè¼Æ¹æ·¶Ïà¹ØÒªÇó¡£ÔÚÁ¬ÁºÉú³ÉµÄPKÎļþ²Ù×÷ÖУ¬Ó¦´ò¿ª¸ù¾Ý¾ßÌåÇé¿ö¶ÔÖ§×ùÇé¿ö½øÐÐÐ޸ĺ͵÷ÕûÁºÓëÖùµÄ¹Ì½ÓÓë½Â½ÓÇé¿ö¡£ÔÚÉú³ÉµÄ¿ò¼ÜPKÈí¼þÖУ¬Ó¦´ò¿ªÐÞ¸ÄÁº¶ËÍä¾Øµ÷·ùϵÊýÒÔ¼°Áº¹ßÐÔ¾ØÔö´óϵÊý¡£

2.2ƽÃæ¿òÅżܼÆËã¼°»æͼÈí¼þPKµÄÓ¦ÓÃ

PKÊÇ×é³ÉPKPMϵÁÐÈí¼þµÄÖØÒª²¿·Ö£¬²»½ö¿ÉÒÔµ¥¶ÀʹÓã¬Í¬Ê±»¹ÄÜÓëTAT¡¢SATWEµÈÄ£¿é½øÐÐÁªºÏÓ¦Óá£

(1)¿ò¼Ü»æͼ¡£ÓÐʱͨ¹ý»æͼÐÎʽ½«¼ÆËã½á¹ûÏÔʾÁºÖù³¬½î£¬µ«»æͼ½á¹û²»Íêȫ׼ȷ¡£ÒòΪ¼ÆËã³öÀ´µÄÅä½îÇé¿ö±ÈÏÔʾ³öÀ´µÄ´óµÃ¶à£¬ÐèÒª¶Ô¼ÆËãÊý¾ÝÎļþ½øÐÐÐ޸ĺ󣬱£³ÖÁºÖù¼ÆË㶼´¦ÓÚûÓг¬½îµÄ·¶Î§ÄÚ£¬»æͼ½á¹û²Å¾ßÓÐ׼ȷÐÔ¡£´ËÍ⣬ÔÚ¶Ô¸Ö½î²Ù×÷½øÐÐÐ޸Ĺý³ÌÖУ¬Í¨³¤ÐÞ¸ÄÁº¸Ö½îÒԺ󣬻¹Ó¦×¢Òâ¼ì²éÐγɵÄÊ©¹¤?D£¬±£³Ö»æͼºÍÏÔʾ½á¹ûµÄÒ»ÖÂÐÔ¡£

(2)Éó²éÿһ¸öÖùµÄÖáѹ±ÈÐÅÏ¢¡£ÔÚPKÈí¼þÖУ¬ÍùÍù²ÉÓÃ×î´óÅä½îÂÊ¿ØÖÆÖùµÄ³¬½îÇé¿ö¡£ÓÐʱºòÈí¼þËäȻûÓн«ÖùµÄ³¬½îÐÅÏ¢ÏÔʾ³öÀ´£¬µ«²¢²»Äܱ£Ö¤Öù½ØÃæÊÇ·ûºÏ±ê×¼µÄ£¬ËùÒÔÓ¦¶Ôÿ¸öÖùµÄÖáѹ±ÈÐÅÏ¢½øÐм°Ê±Éó²éºÍºË¶Ô¡£

3¡¢½áÓï

ÔÚ½¨Öþ¹¤³ÌÉè¼ÆÖУ¬Ó¦¶ÔÉè¼ÆµÄÿһ¸ö»·½Ú½øÐÐÈÏÕ濼ÂÇ£¬Ê¹Ö®·ûºÏ¹¤³Ìʵ¼Ê¡£²¢¶ÔÉè¼ÆÈí¼þµÄ¼¼ÊõÌõ¼þºÍÊÊÓÃÌõ¼þÁ˽âºÍÕÆÎÕ£¬ÕýÈ·Ó¦ÓÃCADÈí¼þ£¬Ìá¸ß½¨Öþ½á¹¹µÄÄ;ÃÐÔÄܺ͹¤×÷ÐÔÄÜ¡£

²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×£º

[1]²Ü¾üºì,Ó¦ÓÃPKPMÈí¼þÔÚÉè¼ÆÖÐӦעÒâµÄÎÊÌâ[J].ɽÎ÷½¨Öþ,2008(14).

[2]³ÂÜî,dzÎö½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆʹÓÃPKPMÈí¼þӦעÒâµÄÎÊÌâ[J].³ÇÊн¨ÉèÀíÂÛÑо¿£¨µç×Ӱ棩,2012(3).

[3]Àî¡,PKP MÈí¼þÔÚ½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆÖеÄÓ¦ÓÃ[J].ÉÂÎ÷ú̿,2005(1).

[4]ÇúÐÂ,PKPMϵÁÐÈí¼þʹÓÃÖÐӦעÒâµÄÎÊÌâ[J].ɽÎ÷½¨Öþ£¬2007(9).

[5]ÂÞ²®¹â,ÀîÔ¥»ª,½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆÈí¼þPKPMÐγɵÄÅä½îͼ¶þ´Î´¦Àí[J].ɽÎ÷½¨Öþ,2010(1).