¡¾Õª Òª¡¿ÏÖÔÚÈËÃǶ¼·Ç³£¹Ø×¢½¨ÖþÎïµÄ½á¹¹Éè¼Æ£¬Òò´Ë±¾ÎÄÖбÊÕß½áºÏ×Ô¼º¶àÄêµÄ¹¤×÷¾­Ñé´Ó½á¹¹Éè¼ÆµÄÔ­Ôò¡¢½á¹¹Éè¼ÆµÄÄÚÈÝ¡¢½á¹¹Éè¼ÆµÄ·½·¨¡¢½¨Öþ½á¹¹Ñ¡ÐÍÒÔ¼°Ä¿Ç°½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆÖдæÔÚµÄÎÊÌâµÈ¼¸¸ö·½Ãæ·ÖÎöÁ˽¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼Æ£¬Ï£Íû±¾ÎĵķÖÎöÄܹ»¸ø´ó¼ÒһЩ½è¼øѧϰ֮´¦¡£

¡¾¹Ø¼ü´Ê¡¿½¨Öþ;½á¹¹Éè¼Æ;·ÖÎö

1.ÒýÑÔ

½á¹¹ÊÇÒ»¸ö½¨ÖþÎïµÄ»ù´¡£¬×öºÃ½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆÓÐÀûÓÚ½¨ÖþÎïµÄ¿¹Õð¡¢·À»ðµÈ¹¦ÄÜ£¬Òò´Ë×ö³ö¸ßÖÊÁ¿µÄ½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆÖÁ¹ØÖØÒª£¬Ê×ÏÈÎÒÃÇÒªÃ÷È·½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆµÄÔ­ÔòÓëÄÚÈÝ£¬Æä´ÎÒªÊìϤ½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆµÄ·½·¨£¬²¢ÇÒÒªºÏÀíµÄÑ¡Ôñ½¨Öþ½á¹¹£¬×îºóÒª²»¶ÏµÄ·ÖÎö×ܽáÄ¿Ç°½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆÖдæÔڵIJ»×ãÖ®´¦£¬ÒÔ±ã¸üºÃµÄÍê³É½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼Æ£¬±¾ÎÄÖбÊÕß·Ö±ð´ÓÕ⼸¸ö·½Ãæ·ÖÎöÁ˽¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼Æ£¬Ï£Íû¶Ô´ó¼ÒÓÐһЩ°ïÖú¡£

2.½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆµÄÔ­Ôò

2.1ÂÌÉ«»·±£Éè¼ÆÔ­Ôò

Ä¿Ç°ÆøºòµÄ¶ñ»¯¡¢»·¾³µÄÎÛȾ¶¼¾¯Ê¾×ÅÎÒÃÇÒªµÍ̼¡¢ÂÌÉ«£¬Òò´ËÎÒÃÇÔÚÉè¼Æ½¨Öþ½á¹¹Ê±Ò²Òª×¢Òâ»·±£¡¢Éú̬£¬×·Çó×ÔÈ»ÓëÈ˵ĿɳÖÐø·¢Õ¹¡£ÔÚÉè¼Æ½¨Öþ½á¹¹Ê±ÒªÍêÈ«¿¼Âǽ¨Öþµ±µØµÄ»·¾³£¬±£»¤µ±µØÔ­ÓеÄÖ²±»Ìõ¼þºÍ×ÔÈ»µØòÌØÕ÷£¬¾¡Á¿µÄЭµ÷Ë®Ìå¡¢Â̵غͽ¨ÖþµÄ¹Øϵ¡£

2.2¡°ÒÔÈËΪ±¾¡±Ô­Ôò

ÎÒÃÇÈÏΪÉè¼Æʦ×î»ù±¾µÄÔ­Ôò¾ÍÊÇÉè¼Æ³öÈËÃÇÐèÒªµÄ½¨Öþ½á¹¹£¬½¨ÖþÎï²»µ«ÒªÂú×ãÒ»¶¨µÄ¿Õ¼ä´óСҪÇó£¬Ò²ÒªÂú×㽨ÖþÎïͨ·ç¡¢±£ÎµÈʹÓù¦ÄÜ£¬Ò»ÇÐÒªÒÔÈËΪ±¾£¬ÓÅ»¯Éè¼Æ£¬×ö³öÈÃÈËÊæÊÊÂúÒâµÄ½á¹¹Éè¼Æ¡£

2.3Ã÷È·½ÚµãÉè¼ÆÔ­Ôò

ÒòΪ½¨Öþ½á¹¹ÌåϵÖУ¬Ã¿¸ö¹¹¼þ½Ó´¥µÄµØ·½ºÜ¶à£¬¶øÇҷdz£¸´ÔÓ£¬Òò´ËÎÒÃÇÒªÃ÷ȷÿ¸ö½ÚµãµÄËùÔÚ£¬ÒòΪ½á¹¹ÌåϵµÄÈõµãÖ®Ò»¾ÍÊǽڵ㣬һ¶¨Òª¿ÆѧºÏÀíµÄÉè¼Æ½Úµã¡£Ö»ÓÐÈç´Ë£¬ÔÚÔÖÄÑÍ»½µÊ±£¬½Úµã²Å¿ÉÒÔºÏÀíµÄ´«µÝÍâÁ¦£¬È·±£½á¹¹ÌåϵµÄ°²È«ÓëÎȶ¨¡£

2.4??ÈáÏà¼ÃÔ­Ôò

ÒòΪҪ±£³Ö½¨ÖþµÄÇ¿¶ÈºÍÎȶ¨ÐÔ£¬Òò´Ë¶ÔÓÚ½¨Öþ½á¹¹µÄ¸Õ¶ÈÓкܸߵÄÒªÇó¡£È»¶øµ±½¨ÖþÎïµÄ¸Õ¶ÈÌ«´óʱ£¬ËüµÄÊÊÓ¦ÄÜÁ¦¾Í±È½Ï²îÁË£¬Ò»µ©Óо޴óµÄÆÆ»µÁ¦Í»È»À´Ï®Ê±£¬½¨Öþ½á¹¹ÎÞ·¨´«µÝÍâÁ¦¡¢ÊÍѹ£¬²¿·ÖÊÜËðºó»áÔì³ÉÕûÌåÆÆ»µ£¬µ«ÊǸնÈÌ«¹ýÈáÈíµÄ½á¹¹ÓÖÈÝÒ׳öÏÖ¹ý´óµÄ±äÐζøµ¼ÖÂÕû¸ö½¨Öþµ¹Ëú¡£ËùÒÔ£¬Æ½ºâ½¨ÖþµÄ¸ÕÐÔºÍÈáÐÔÊǽøÐн¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆʱµÄ¹Ø¼üÒòËØÖ®Ò»¡£

3.½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆµÄÄÚÈÝ

½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆÒ»°ã¿ÉÒÔÒÀ¾Ýʱ¼ä˳Ðò»®·Ö³ÉÈý¸öÖ÷Òª½×¶Î£ºÊ×ÏȾÍÊǽṹÉè¼Æ·½°¸½×¶Î¡£ÔÚÕâ¸ö½×¶Î£¬ÒªÒÀ¾ÝËùÉè¼Æ½¨ÖþµÄÀà±ð¡¢ÖØÒªÐÔ¡¢½¨Öþ²ãÊýºÍ¸ß¶È£¬½¨ÖþËù´¦µØµÄ¿¹ÕðÉè·ÀÁҶȣ¬À´Ñ¡ÔñºÏÀíµÄ½¨ÖþµÄ½á¹¹ÐÎʽ;Æä´Î¾ÍÊǽ¨Öþ½á¹¹¼ÆËã½×¶Î¡£ÔÚÕâ¸ö½×¶Î£¬ÒªÒÀ¾Ý½¨ÖþµÄ·À»ð¿¹Õð²ÎÊý¼°Æä½á¹¹ÒªÇó¼ÆËã°å¡¢ÁºµÄÀíÂÛ¿ç¶È¡¢´î½Ó¸Ö½îµÄ³¤¶ÈµÈ¡£×îºóÒ»¸ö½×¶Î¾ÍÊÇÉè¼ÆÊ©¹¤Í¼Ö½½×¶Î¡£Õâ¸ö½×¶ÎÒªÒÀ¾Ý½¨ÖþµÄÉè¼ÆÌصãºÍ½á¹¹ÌåϵÉè¼Æ³öÎݶ¥£¨Ã棩½á¹¹Í¼¡¢½á¹¹Æ½Ãæͼ¡£

4.½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆµÄ·½·¨

½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆÖ÷ÒªÓÐ5¸ö³£Ó÷½·¨£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ»æÖÆÎݶ¥£¨Ã棩½á¹¹Í¼¡¢»æÖƽṹƽÃæͼ¡¢Â¥Ìݺͻù´¡½¨²Ä¡¢»æÖÆ´óÑùÏêͼ¡£»æÖƽ¨Öþ½á¹¹Æ½ÃæͼʱÐèÒªÌرð¹Ø×¢µÄÒ»¸öÎÊÌâ¾ÍÊÇÓý¨Öþ½á¹¹Èí¼þ½øÐн¨Ä£¡£ÒòΪ½èÖú½¨Öþ½á¹¹Èí¼þ½øÐн¨Ä£¾ÍÄܹ»ÀûÓÃÈí¼þÀ´¼ÆËãºÉÔØ£¬Èç´ËÒ»À´¾ÍÄܹ»¼ìÑ齨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆµÄ°²È«ÐÔ¡£Èç¹û½¨ÖþµØµÄ¿¹ÕðÉè·ÀÁѶȳ¬¹ý7µÄʱºò£¬ÎÒÃÇÓÃÈí¼þ½øÐÐÎݶ¥£¨Ã棩½á¹¹Í¼µÄ½¨Ä£Ê±Òª×¢Ò⽨ÖþµÄÀàÐͲîÒì¡£ÓÉÓÚÕë¶Ô°å¿ç¶È½Ï´óµÄ½¨ÖþÐèÒªÓÃÁº°åʽ£¬¶øÕë¶Ô°å¿ç¶È½ÏСµÄ½¨ÖþÐèÓÃÕÛ°åʽ´¦Àí¡£ÕýÈ·µÄÉè¼ÆºÍ»æͼµÄÒªµã¾ÍÊÇÉè¼ÆÕßÒ»¶¨ÒªÓµÓÐÒ»¶¨»ù´¡µÄ¿Õ¼ä¸ÅÄ¿ÉÒÔÕýÈ·µÄÁìÎò½¨ÖþÒâͼºÍͼֽ;»æÖÆ´óÑùÏêͼµÄʱºòÒ»¶¨Òª±£Ö¤½¨ÖþÏêͼ¾«È·ÇÒûÓдíÎ󣬶øÇÒ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ±£Ö¤½¨ÖþÍâÐεÄÌõ¼þÏÂʹ½á¹¹ºÏÀíµÄÊÜÁ¦ºÍÊ©¹¤±ã½Ý;Éè¼ÆÂ¥ÌÝÌÝ°åʱҪעÒâ¿ØÖÆÈƶȣ¬Â¥ÁºÏµľ»¸ß¶ÈÒªºÍ½¨ÖþµÄÒªÇóÏà·ûºÏ£¬²¢ÇÒΪÁËÈ·±£ÉÏÏÂÂ¥²ãµÄλÖÃÒ»ÖÂÎÒÃÇҪעÒâÂ¥ÁºµÄλÖ᣻ù´¡½¨²ÄҪעÒâ¿ÉÒÔÂú×㽨Öþ½á¹¹Ä;ÃÐÔµÄÒªÇó¡£ÀýÈç¸Ö½î¡¢»ìÄýÍÁµÈ£¬²»¿ÉÒÔ²»¹Ë°²È«½øÐÐ͵¹¤¼õÁÏ¡£

5.½¨Öþ½á¹¹Ñ¡ÐÍ

ÎÒÃÇÒª¸ù¾Ý½á¹¹µÄºÏÀí°²È«¡¢½¨ÖþµÄʹÓù¦ÄÜ¡¢ÃÀ¹ÛµÄÒÕÊõÔìÐÍ¡¢¾­¼ÃµÄÔì¼ÛµÈ×ÛºÏÌõ¼þµÄ·ÖÎö±È½ÏÈ·¶¨½¨Öþ½á¹¹µÄÑ¡ÐÍ¡£Ò»°ãÇé¿öϸ߲ãºÍ¶à²ã·¿ÎݽṹµÄÖ÷Òª³ÐÖؽṹÌåϵÓУº¿ò¼Ü½á¹¹Ìåϵ¡¢»ìºÏ½á¹¹Ìåϵ¡¢¼ôÁ¦Ç½½á¹¹ÌåϵµÈ¡£

5.1»ìºÏ½á¹¹Ìåϵ

»ìºÏ½á¹¹ÌåϵÊǶà²ãÃñÓý¨Öþ·¿ÎÝÖо­³£Óõ½µÄÒ»ÖÖ½¨Öþ½á¹¹ÐÍʽ£¬Æä»ù´¡¡¢Ç½ÌåµÈÊúÏòµÄ¹¹¼þÔËÓÃÆöÌå½á¹¹£¬µ«ÊÇÎݸǡ¢Â¥¸ÇµÈˮƽµÄ¹¹¼þ¾ÍÔËÓøֽî»ìÄýÍÁÁº°å½á¹¹¡£ºÍ¿¹ÕðÒªÇóÏà½áºÏ£¬ÔÚ½øÐлìºÏ½á¹¹½¨ÖþÑ¡ÐͺÍÉè¼Æʱ£¬Ó¦×¢ÒâÈçÏÂ3¸ö·½ÃæµÄÎÊÌâ¡£

5.1.1²ã¸ßºÍ½¨Öþ×î´ó¸ß¿í±È

¶Ô½¨ÖþµÄ¸ß¿í±È½øÐÐÏÞÖÆ£¬ÊÇΪÁËÈ·±£½¨ÖþµÄÕûÌ忹Íä³ÐÔØÁ¦ºÍ½¨ÖþµÄ¸Õ¶È£¬¶à¿×ש¡¢ÆÕͨשºÍСÆö¿éÆöÌ彨ÖþµÄ²ã¸ßӦСÓÚµÈÓÚ4.5m¡£

5.1.2²¼ÖÃ×ݺáǽ

ÔÚ²¼Öý¨Öþ½á¹¹Ê±£¬Ó¦ÓÅÏÈÑ¡Ôñ×ݺáǽ¹²Í¬³ÐÖØ»òºáǽ³ÐÖصķ½°¸;²¼ÖÃ×ݺáǽµÄʱºò×îºÃ¾ùÔȶÔÆ룬˳×ÅƽÃæÄÚ×îºÃ¶ÔÆ룬˳×ÅÊúÏòÉÏÏÂÁ¬Ðø£¬Ò²×îºÃʹͬһÖáÏßÉϵĴ°¼äǽ¾ùÔÈ¡£×îºÃ²»ÒªÔÚ·¿ÎݵÄת½Ç´¦ºÍ¾¡¶ËÉèÖÃÂ¥Ìݼ䡣

5.1.3¶à²ã½¨ÖþµÄ¸ß¶ÈºÍ²ãÊýÏÞÖÆ

ͨ³£Çé¿öÏ£¬½¨ÖþµÄ×ܸ߶ȺͲãÊýӦСÓÚµÈÓÚÏà¹Ø±ê×¼µÄ¹æ¶¨¡£ÎÒÃǶ¼ÖªµÀÔËÓÃÉÕ½áÆÕͨשÆöÌåµÄ»ìºÏ½á¹¹µÄ×ܸ߶ȺͲãÊý¶¼±ÈÆäËûÆöÌåµÄºÃ£¬¶Ô½Ìѧ¥¡¢Ò½ÔºµÈ¼°ºáǽ²»¶àµÄ¶à²ãÆöÌ彨ÖþÓ¦¸Ã±È¹æ¶¨µÄ¸ß¶È¼õС3m£¬²ãÊýÒ²Ó¦¸Ã¶ÔÓ¦µÄ½µµÍÒ»²ã;ÿ²ãºáǽ¶¼²»¶àµÄ¶à²ãÆöÌ彨Öþ£¬»¹ÐèÒªÒÀ¾Ý¾ßÌåµÄÇé¿öÔÙºÏÀíµÄ¼õÉÙ²ãÊýºÍ×ܸ߶ȡ£

5.2¿ò¼Ü½á¹¹Ìåϵ

ºÍ»ìºÏ½á¹¹ÏàËÆ£¬¿ò¼Ü½á¹¹Ò²Äܹ»·ÖΪ×ÝÏò¿ò¼Ü³ÐÖØ¡¢ºáÏò¿ò¼Ü³ÐÖؼ°×ݺáË«Ïò¿ò¼ÜÒ»Æð³ÐÖصȲ¼ÖÃÐÎʽ¡£ÆÕͨ·¿ÎÝ¿ò¼ÜÔËÓúáÏòµÄ¿ò¼Ü³ÐÖØ£¬ÔÚ·¿ÎݵÄÊúÏòÉèÖÃÁ¬ÏµÁººÍºáÏò¿ò¼ÜÁ´½Ó;Èç¹ûÊÇÔ¤ÖÆ°åÂ¥°å£¬ÍùÍùÉèÖÃ×ÝÏòµÄ´ÎÁº£¬Ðγɵ¥Ïò°åÀßÐÎÂ¥¸ÇÌåϵ¡£ÔÚˮƽºÉÔصÄ×÷ÓÃÏ£¬½¨Öþ¿ò¼ÜµÄÕûÌå±äÐÎΪ¼ôÇÐÐÍ¡£

6.Ä¿Ç°½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼Æ´æÔÚµÄÎÊÌâ

6.1¿¹ÕðÉè¼Æ·½Ãæ´æÔÚµÄÎÊÌâ

ÔÚ½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆµÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÎÒÃÇҪʵÏÖ´óÕð²»µ¹£¬ÖÐÕðÄÜÐÞ£¬Ð¡Õð²»»µµÄÈý¸ö»ù´¡ÒªÇó¡£ÓɱäÐÎÄÜÁ¦ºÍ³ÐÔØÁ¦Á½ÕßÀ´¹²Í¬ÅжϽ¨ÖþÎïÊDz»ÊǾßÓп¹ÕðÐÔ¡£Ò»µ©·¢ÉúµØÕ𣬿ÉÒÔÔËÓýṹ²ÄÁϸֽî»ìÄýÍÁµÄ±äÐÎÀ´ÎüÊÕÄÜÁ¿£¬Ôö¼Ó½¨Öþ¼Ü¹¹µÄÈÍÐÔ£¬²»µ«¿ÉÒÔ¼õСµØÕ𱬷¢µÄÄÜÁ¿£¬»¹¿ÉÒÔµÖ¿¹Ç¿ÁҵĵØÕð¡£ËùÒÔÔÚÉè¼ÆÖУ¬Òª×öµ½ÈçÏ»ù±¾ÒªÇó£ºÈõÍäÇ¿¼ô¡¢ÈõÁºÇ¿Öù¡¢Èõ¹¹¼þÇ¿½Úµã¡¢Ç¿½á¹¹µ×²¿ÒÔ¼°Ç¿Ãª¹Ì¡£È»¶ø£¬ÎªÁË¿¹Õð²»ÊÇËùÓж«Î÷¶¼Òª±äÇ¿¡£½¨Öþ½á¹¹µÄ¸Õ¶ÈÒªÊÊÓ¦µØÕð×÷ÓÃϵĶ¯Á¦ÒªÇó²¢Á¬Ðø¾ùÔȵķֲ¼¡£

6.2·À»ðÉè¼Æ·½Ãæ´æÔÚµÄÎÊÌâ

ÿÄ궼»á³öÏÖһЩ´óÐ͵ĻðÔÖʹʣ¬µ¼ÖµIJƲúËðʧºÍÉËÍö¶¼Ê®·ÖÑÏÖØ£¬×·¾¿ÕâЩʹʵÄÔðÈÎÒ»¶¨»á´æÔÚ½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆÖзÀ»ðµÄÎÊÌâ¡£ºÜ¶à½á¹¹Éè¼ÆÈËÔ±¶Ô·À»ð¹æ¶¨ºÍ¹æ·¶²»ÊìϤ£¬Õâ¾ÍÔì³ÉÔÚ½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆʱºöÊÓһЩÖصã·À»ðµÄ²ÄÁÏ¡£

7.½áÊøÓï

×ÛÉÏËùÊö£¬Ò»¸ö½¨Öþ¹¤³ÌµÄͶ×ʺÍÖÜÆÚ¶¼·Ç³£´ó£¬¶ÔÉç»áµÄÓ°ÏìÒ²ºÜ´ó£¬½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆµÄÖÊÁ¿¹Øϵµ½ÎÒÃǵÄÉúÃü²Æ²ú°²È«£¬Òò´Ë×ö³öºÃµÄ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆÈÎÖضøµÀÔ¶¡£ÎÒÃÇÒª°ÑÎÕ½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆµÄÔ­Ôò£¬ÈÏÕ渺ÔðµÄÍê³É½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼Æ£¬Ê¹½¨Öþ³É±¾×îС»¯¡¢ÈËÃñÀûÒæ×î´ó»¯¡£±¾ÎÄÖбÊÕß·Ö±ð½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆÔ­Ôò¡¢½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆÄÚÈݵȼ¸¸ö·½Ãæ·ÖÎöÁ˽¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼Æ£¬Ï£Íû¶Ô´ó¼ÒÓÐһЩ°ïÖú¡£

²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×£º

[1]ÕÅÇ¿.¸ß²ã½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼ÆµÄʵ¼ù̽ÌÖ[J].¿Æ¼¼´´Ðµ¼±¨£¬2012£¨2£©£º212-213

[2]ÕÅ·å.̽ÌÖÎÒ¹ú½¨Öþ½á¹¹Éè¼Æ´æÔÚµÄÎÊÌâ[J].½¨²ÄÓë×°ÊΣ¬2011£¨13£©£º151-153.

[3]ÐÜ°²£¬½¨Öþ½á¹¹[M].»ªÄÏÀí¹¤´óѧ³ö°æÉ磬2012£¨3£©£º211-213.

£¨×÷ÕßÉí·ÝÖ¤ºÅ£º320902198706307518£©